Which of the following regulations affects coding practices?

The correct choice encompasses all mentioned regulations because each impacts coding practices in various ways.

The Medicare Modernization Act introduced important provisions that influence how coding is documented for Medicare beneficiaries, ultimately affecting reimbursement and the quality of healthcare services.

The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act significantly advanced the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs), which rely on accurate coding for data entry, billing, and reporting. This change promotes consistent coding practices across healthcare providers.

The Affordable Care Act set forth numerous regulations aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of health care. It includes provisions related to payment models that rely heavily on proper coding for compliance and reimbursement purposes, as well as requirements for reporting certain quality metrics.

By affecting various aspects of healthcare delivery and reimbursement, all these regulations contribute crucially to shaping coding practices in the medical field. This comprehensive impact is why the answer is all of the above.