What is the term for chronic kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant?

The correct term for chronic kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant is "end stage renal disease." This designation indicates that the kidneys are no longer able to perform their vital functions, such as filtering waste products from the blood and maintaining electrolyte balance, at a level necessary for health. At this stage, patients typically require either regular dialysis sessions or a kidney transplant to survive, as the kidneys are effectively no longer functioning.

The other options provided refer to different conditions that do not describe the same severity or requirement for ongoing renal support. Acute kidney injury, for example, refers to a sudden decline in kidney function, which can often be reversible with appropriate treatment. Chronic glomerulonephritis is a long-term inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, but it does not inherently indicate that the disease has progressed to end stage. Nephrotic syndrome encompasses a range of kidney disorders that can lead to significant protein loss in urine, but like chronic glomerulonephritis, it does not specifically require dialysis or a transplant unless it progresses to end stage renal disease.