What do you call diseases that are named after people?

Diseases that are named after people are referred to as eponyms. This nomenclature typically honors a physician, scientist, or individual who either discovered the disease or contributed significantly to understanding or treating it. For example, Alzheimer's disease is named after Alois Alzheimer, the neurologist who identified it.

The use of eponyms in medicine serves not only to commemorate individuals but also aids in making the terminology more memorable and relatable within the medical community and to the public. This practice is common across various disciplines, as it encapsulates the contributions of individuals in the naming of certain conditions or phenomena.

Cognates, synonyms, and assonance are terms that relate to language rather than to medical terminology specifically. Cognates are words that have a common etymological origin. Synonyms are words with the same or similar meanings. Assonance relates to the repetition of vowel sounds within a phrase or sentence. None of these terms are applicable in the context of naming diseases after people.